Through in-depth research on plant endogenous hormones, scientists have successfully synthesized a series of analogs with plant hormone activity. These substances are widely used in agricultural production, namely plant growth regulators. Compared with endogenous hormones, plant growth regulators show stronger targeting and purposefulness in physiological effects.
Among the many plant growth regulators, growth promoters occupy an important position. This type of substance can stimulate the division, differentiation and growth of plant cells, thereby promoting the robustness of nutritional organs and the smooth development of reproductive organs. Due to its significant effect and wide application, growth promoters have become the most diverse and most important category in the field of plant growth regulators.
Gibberellic acid (GA)
Also known as 920 or GA, it plays an important role in agricultural production. Its product preparations are diverse, including 85% gibberellin crystalline powder, 4% gibberellin emulsifiable concentrate, etc. As a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, gibberellin is widely present in plants and is one of the important hormones that promote plant growth. It not only promotes cell elongation, stem elongation and leaf expansion, but also induces parthenocarpy, promotes fruit growth, and breaks seed dormancy. In addition, gibberellins can change the ratio of male and female flowers, affect flowering time, and reduce flower and fruit shedding.
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Also known as Fengyousu or Maijian, it is also a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator. Its preparations include 80% original powder and a variety of commercially available formulations. Naphthaleneacetic acid can promote cell division and expansion, induce adventitious root formation, increase fruit setting rate and prevent fruit drop. In addition, it can also change the ratio of male and female flowers, promote plant metabolism and photosynthesis, accelerate growth and development, and enhance resistance.
Auxin (IAA)
It is an important plant hormone, and its preparations are mostly powders or wettable powders. It is widely involved in physiological processes such as cell division, elongation and differentiation, and affects the growth and aging of nutritional organs. Artificially synthesized auxin can be absorbed through stems, leaves and roots, and its concentration has a promoting or inhibiting effect on plant growth. However, due to the fact that indoleacetic acid is easily decomposed by light and is expensive, its application in production is limited to a certain extent, but it performs well in inducing callus and root formation in tissue culture.
2,4-D
is also a common plant growth regulator, known as fruit setting agent or anti-drop agent.
As a common plant growth regulator, 2,4-D has a variety of dosage forms, including 80% wettable powder, 72% butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate, and 55% and 50% amine salt solution. This substance has different effects on plants at different concentrations and dosages. At lower concentrations (5-0mg/L), 2,4-D is one of the key components of plant tissue culture. At moderate concentrations (1-25mg/L), it can effectively prevent flower and fruit drop, stimulate plant growth, and induce the formation of seedless fruit and fruit preservation. However, at higher concentrations (1000mg/L), 2,4-D is used as a herbicide and can kill a variety of broadleaf weeds. Therefore, the dosage must be strictly controlled when using it to avoid adverse effects on plants.
In addition, kinetin (KT) is also an important plant growth regulator. Its chemical name is 6-furfurylaminopurine, which is made by condensation reaction of 6-chloropurine and furanylamine. Kinetin can promote root differentiation at low concentrations, and induce differentiation of branches and leaves at high concentrations. Its uniqueness lies in that the intermediate concentration can significantly promote cytoplasmic division, thereby forming healing tissue blocks. At the same time, kinetin also has a significant anti-aging effect, can inhibit the degradation of key components such as chlorophyll, protein and nucleic acid, delay the destruction of cell structure, and provide a new possibility for the preservation of fruits and vegetables.
Bulking agent
Bulking agent, also known as chlorpyrifos, its English common name is FORCHLORFENURON, abbreviated as CPPU (N-2-chloro-4-pyridylphenyl-N’-phenylurea), which belongs to the phenylurea class of substances. This substance mainly stimulates the production of cytokinins. Sandoz in the United States first developed the technology, while Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. in Japan took the lead in developing CPPU in 1985. However, since CPPU promotes cell division and enlargement, it also leads to the production of deformed fruits and shortens the storage period of fruits, so Japan has not applied it to production. Despite this, researchers in my country have actively introduced this technology. The Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced it from Japan in the late 1980s and obtained approval from the Ministry of Agriculture in 1992.
As a highly active compound, chlorpyrifos has significant cytokinin activity and can promote cell division and expansion. After application on melon and fruit plants, it can stimulate flower bud differentiation, increase fruit setting rate, and promote fruit enlargement. However, with the popularization of its application, potential side effects on humans have gradually surfaced.
Ethephon
Ethephon, also known as Yishiling, Ethephon or Zaotianhong, has a chemical name of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and a molecular formula of C2H5O2Cl. This substance was first synthesized from ethylene oxide and phosphorus trichloride in 1967. Pure ethephon is a needle-shaped white crystal that is easy to absorb water and deliquesce and dissolve in water and organic solvents. Commercially available ethephon products are generally brown viscous liquids with a concentration of about 40% and a pH value of about 1.
Ethephon is easily hydrolyzed to release ethylene in an environment with a pH value greater than 4, and the release rate increases with the increase of pH value. This substance is slightly toxic to humans and animals, but when used on plants, it can be quickly absorbed and release ethylene through the body. Ethylene is a plant hormone with multiple physiological functions. It can promote the physiological maturity of fruits, the aging and shedding of leaves, the germination of seeds, the flowering of plants, and the growth of roots and seedlings. However, if it is applied improperly, it may also lead to adverse consequences such as the shedding of leaves and fruits, dwarfing of plants, changing the ratio of males to females, and inducing male sterility in some crops.
DA-DA-6, also known as Dafengli, aminoethyl ester or synergistic amine, its active ingredient is diethylaminoethyl carboxylate. This oily liquid is often processed into organic salts, such as the white DA-6 citrate DA-6C and the brown DA-6 humate DA-6H. DA-6 can increase the chlorophyll, protein and nucleic acid content in plants, accelerate photosynthesis, activate peroxidase and nitrate reductase, and promote carbon and nitrogen metabolism, enhance the absorption of water and fertilizer and dry matter accumulation. It can also regulate the water balance in the body, improve the disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance of crops and fruit trees, delay plant aging, and promote early maturity and increase yield, thereby improving crop quality.
Sodium nitrate complex
Sodium nitrophenolate complex, also known as sodium nitrophenolate, love more collection, etc., its chemical components include sodium 5-nitroguaiacol, sodium o-nitrophenolate and sodium p-nitrophenolate. This substance can promote the flow of cell protoplasm, improve the metabolism level of plants, and thus promote plant growth.
Sodium nitrophenolate complex, known as a powerful cell activator, can quickly merge with plants and penetrate into the cells, activate protoplasm flow, and thus enhance cell vitality. This characteristic not only accelerates the rooting speed, but also helps to break the dormancy of plants, promote overall growth and development, reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits, and significantly improve product quality and yield. In addition, sodium nitrophenolate can also enhance the resistance of crops to various adversities, such as disease resistance, insect resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, and cold resistance. It is widely used in various types of crops such as grain, economy, vegetables, fruits, etc., and can be used at any stage of the growth cycle, such as seed treatment, seedbed irrigation, foliar spraying, etc. Due to its high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue and wide range of applications, sodium nitrophenolate has been widely used in many countries and regions around the world. At the same time, it has also shown excellent results in the fields of animal husbandry and fisheries, not only improving the yield and quality of meat, eggs, hair, leather, etc., but also enhancing animal immunity and preventing various diseases.
Let’s look at brassinolide
This is an artificial synthesis of endogenous hormones in plants. It can effectively promote cell division and elongation, increase chlorophyll content, increase photosynthesis, and thus enhance the resistance of plants to adversity. In addition, when brassinolide is mixed with a variety of commonly used pesticides, fertilizers and plant growth regulators, it can significantly enhance the effectiveness of fertilizers and fungicides, reduce pesticide damage, and improve the quality of crops. It has broad development prospects and market potential.
